| 1. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. |
Electric Vehicles Land, Sea, Air – Unit Sales 2021-2044 |
| 1.2. |
Electric Vehicles Land, Sea, Air – Battery Demand GWh 2021-2044 |
| 1.3. |
Electric Vehicles Land, Sea, Air – Market Size US$ 2021-2044 |
| 1.4. |
Global Electric Car Sales by Powertrain – BEV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV 2015-2044 |
| 1.5. |
Regional Electric Car Performance in H1 2023 |
| 1.6. |
Hybrid Car Sales Peak |
| 1.7. |
Growth and Stagnation of Fuel Cell Passenger Cars |
| 1.8. |
OEM ICE Phase Out and BEV Production Targets |
| 1.9. |
Cathode Market Share for Li-ion in EVs (2015-2033) |
| 1.10. |
Motor Type Market Share Forecast |
| 1.11. |
800V Platform Discussion & Outlook |
| 1.12. |
6 key market trends in EV charging |
| 1.13. |
Truck Model Availability Growing |
| 1.14. |
Medium and Heavy Trucks – Model Overview |
| 1.15. |
Historic Electric LCV Sales in Europe |
| 1.16. |
Historic Electric LCV Sales in China |
| 1.17. |
10Y historic sales of e-buses in China 2012 – 2022 |
| 1.18. |
Global two-wheeler markets snapshot |
| 1.19. |
China and India: major three-wheeler markets |
| 1.20. |
Microcars: the goldilocks of urban EVs |
| 1.21. |
Marine battery market history 2019-2025 by subsector: ferry, cruise, ro-ro, cargo, OSV, tug, other |
| 1.22. |
Key Construction Machine Types for Electrification |
| 1.23. |
Battery Requirements in Construction: Sizing |
| 1.24. |
Electric Trains Introduction |
| 1.25. |
Six Key Findings for Electric Trains |
| 1.26. |
eVTOL Architectures |
| 1.27. |
When will the First eVTOL Air Taxis Launch? |
| 2. |
ELECTRIC CARS |
| 2.1. |
Global Car Sales by Powertrain 2015-2044 |
| 2.2. |
Global Electric Car Sales by Powertrain – BEV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV 2015-2044 |
| 2.3. |
Global Electric Car Battery Demand by Powertrain – BEV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV 2015-2044 |
| 2.4. |
Global Electric Car Market Value by Powertrain – BEV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV 2015-2044 |
| 2.5. |
Regional Electric Car Sales 2011-2022 |
| 2.6. |
Regional Electric Car Performance in H1 2023 |
| 2.7. |
China Purchase Subsidies Extended |
| 2.8. |
EU Emissions and Targets |
| 2.9. |
US Emissions Standards |
| 2.10. |
Electrified OEMs Have High Market Caps |
| 2.11. |
OEM Sales Global Sales Shares 2015-2023 |
| 2.12. |
COP26 Transport Targets |
| 2.13. |
COP27 Transport Targets |
| 2.14. |
Powertrain Tailpipe Emissions Comparison |
| 2.15. |
Grid Emissions (1) |
| 2.16. |
Grid Emissions (2) |
| 2.17. |
Cars – Total Cost of Ownership |
| 2.18. |
Hybrid Car Sales Peak |
| 2.19. |
Hybrid Car (HEV) Regional Sales 2015-2022 |
| 2.20. |
Fuel Cell Car Models |
| 2.21. |
Honda to Re-enter FCEV the Market |
| 2.22. |
Growth and Stagnation of Fuel Cell Passenger Cars |
| 2.23. |
Hydrogen: Emissions & Cost Issues |
| 2.24. |
Fuel Cell Car Forecasts |
| 2.25. |
Chip Shortages – 2020 to 2023 |
| 2.26. |
Chip Shortages – Automaker Reactions |
| 2.27. |
Chip Shortages – Electric Vehicles |
| 2.28. |
Electric Pickups – The Big US Opportunity |
| 2.29. |
Electric Pickup Release Dates |
| 2.30. |
Electric Pickups Battery, Motor & Towing Benchmark |
| 2.31. |
Electric Pickup Model Pricing |
| 2.32. |
Tech Companies Entering the EV Market (1) |
| 2.33. |
Tech Companies Entering the EV Market (2) |
| 2.34. |
OEM ICE Phase Out and BEV Production Targets |
| 3. |
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS – LI-ION BATTERY CELLS & PACKS, MOTORS, 800V, HIGH VOLTAGE CABLING & MORE |
| 3.1. |
Lithium Battery Chemistries |
| 3.2. |
Types of Lithium Battery |
| 3.3. |
Average Car Battery Capacity 2015-2044 |
| 3.4. |
Battery Technology Comparison |
| 3.5. |
The Promise of Silicon |
| 3.6. |
Silicon Anode Material Opportunities |
| 3.7. |
Silicon Anode – Company Benchmarking |
| 3.8. |
Classifications of solid-state electrolytes |
| 3.9. |
Liquid vs. solid-state batteries |
| 3.10. |
Comparison of Solid-state Electrolyte Systems |
| 3.11. |
Solid state battery collaborations /investment by Automotive OEMs |
| 3.12. |
Li-ion Technology Diversification |
| 3.13. |
Cathode Market Share for Li-ion in EVs (2015-2033) |
| 3.14. |
Li-ion Timeline – Technology and Performance |
| 3.15. |
IDTechEx Li-ion Battery Timeline |
| 3.16. |
Li-ion Batteries: from Cell to Pack |
| 3.17. |
Cell Format Market Share |
| 3.18. |
What is Cell-to-pack? |
| 3.19. |
Drivers and Challenges for Cell-to-pack |
| 3.20. |
What is Cell-to-chassis/body? |
| 3.21. |
Gravimetric Energy Density and Cell-to-pack Ratio |
| 3.22. |
Outlook for Cell-to-pack & Cell-to-body Designs |
| 3.23. |
Summary of Traction Motor Types |
| 3.24. |
Electric Motor Type Market Share by Vehicle |
| 3.25. |
China’s Control of Rare-Earths |
| 3.26. |
Europe’s Move to Magnet Free Designs |
| 3.27. |
OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 3.28. |
Axial Flux Motors |
| 3.29. |
Axial Flux Motors Entering the EV Market |
| 3.30. |
Benchmark of Commercial Axial Flux Motors |
| 3.31. |
In-wheel Motors |
| 3.32. |
Examples of Vehicles with In-wheel Motors |
| 3.33. |
Motor Type Market Share Forecast |
| 3.34. |
Power Electronics Use in Electric Vehicles |
| 3.35. |
Benchmarking Silicon, Silicon Carbide & Gallium Nitride Semiconductors |
| 3.36. |
Traditional EV Inverter |
| 3.37. |
Discretes & Modules |
| 3.38. |
Electric Vehicle Inverter Benchmarking |
| 3.39. |
SiC Impact on the Inverter Package |
| 3.40. |
Power Electronics Material Evolution |
| 3.41. |
SiC Drives 800V Platforms |
| 3.42. |
Emerging 800V Platforms & SiC Inverters |
| 3.43. |
800V Model Announcements in China (2022) |
| 3.44. |
800V Platform Discussion & Outlook |
| 3.45. |
Copper vs Aluminum Cables |
| 3.46. |
Aluminium HV Cabling Disadvantages |
| 3.47. |
Tesla Model 3 Al Cable |
| 3.48. |
Al HV Cables Market Adoption |
| 3.49. |
The Ultimate Concept EV: 1200km Range |
| 4. |
CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE |
| 4.1.1. |
EV charging experiencing continued growth |
| 4.1.2. |
Overview of charging levels |
| 4.1.3. |
6 key market trends in EV charging |
| 4.1.4. |
DC fast charging levels |
| 4.1.5. |
Public charging pain points still exist |
| 4.1.6. |
Megawatt charging: a new segment of high power DC fast charging |
| 4.1.7. |
Challenges in implementing MCS |
| 4.1.8. |
Tesla MW charging |
| 4.1.9. |
Destination DC charging: a new product class for EVSE manufacturers |
| 4.1.10. |
Mobile EV chargers |
| 4.1.11. |
Global charging infrastructure installations |
| 4.1.12. |
Connector standards: a competition for global acceptance |
| 4.1.13. |
EV charging is a crowded market |
| 4.1.14. |
AC Charging installations by power class |
| 4.1.15. |
DC charging installation by power class |
| 4.1.16. |
Alternate charging strategies emerging |
| 4.1.17. |
EV charging: conclusions |
| 4.2. |
Wireless Charging |
| 4.2.1. |
Introduction to wireless charging for EVs |
| 4.2.2. |
Resonant inductive coupling – the principle behind wireless EV charging |
| 4.2.3. |
Enabling componentry |
| 4.2.4. |
Wireless charging addressable markets |
| 4.2.5. |
OEMs with wireless charging pilot projects |
| 4.2.6. |
Wireless charging players overview |
| 4.2.7. |
Cabled-chargers are not on their way out |
| 4.2.8. |
Barriers: componentry cost and volumes |
| 4.2.9. |
Dynamic charging trials underway |
| 4.2.10. |
Wireless charging aids V2G and battery downsizing |
| 4.2.11. |
Wireless charging for EVs: conclusions |
| 4.3. |
Battery Swapping |
| 4.3.1. |
Battery swapping: charge it or change it? |
| 4.3.2. |
Battery swapping pathways for different types of EVs |
| 4.3.3. |
Car battery swapping process overview |
| 4.3.4. |
Swapping is more expensive than AC or DC charging |
| 4.3.5. |
Battery as a Service (BaaS) business model – a disintegrated approach |
| 4.3.6. |
Two and three-wheelers use small capacity, self-service swap models |
| 4.3.7. |
Commercial heavy duty battery swapping is in its early stages |
| 4.3.8. |
China’s heavy duty swapping industry |
| 4.3.9. |
Battery swapping stations can act as grid support units and enable battery recycling |
| 4.3.10. |
China dominates swapping globally |
| 4.3.11. |
BSS deployment on the rise |
| 4.3.12. |
Battery swapping benefits and scepticism |
| 4.3.13. |
Battery swapping for EVs: conclusions |
| 5. |
ELECTRIC TRUCKS |
| 5.1. |
Truck Classifications |
| 5.2. |
Road Freight Market |
| 5.3. |
Electric Trucks: Drivers and Barriers |
| 5.4. |
Global CO2 Road Freight Emissions |
| 5.5. |
Medium and Heavy Trucks – Model Overview |
| 5.6. |
Truck Model Availability Growing |
| 5.7. |
Heavy-duty: BEV or Fuel Cell? |
| 5.8. |
MW Charging Difficulty for BEVs |
| 5.9. |
List of MW charging projects |
| 5.10. |
European Electric Truck Sales 2016-2022 |
| 5.11. |
Addressable Truck Market: Europe Market Share 2022 |
| 5.12. |
Medium and Heavy-Duty Truck Sales in Europe |
| 5.13. |
Main Truck Brands in the US |
| 5.14. |
Addressable Truck Market: U.S. Market Share 2022 |
| 5.15. |
Medium and Heavy-Duty Truck Sales in the U.S. |
| 5.16. |
US Electric Truck Sales 2016-2022 |
| 5.17. |
US Electric Trucks Manufacturers |
| 5.18. |
Electric Heavy-Duty Truck Market in China |
| 5.19. |
China Heavy-Duty Electric Truck Sales |
| 5.20. |
Electric Heavy-Duty Truck Sales in China H1 2023 |
| 5.21. |
Addressable Truck Market: China HDT Market Share 2022 |
| 5.22. |
Medium and Heavy-Duty Truck Sales in China |
| 5.23. |
Recovery from Coronavirus: Addressable Truck Market |
| 5.24. |
Truck OEMs Commit to Electrification |
| 5.25. |
Fuel Cells and Trucks Today |
| 5.26. |
Fuel Cell Manufacturers Collaboration on US FC-Trucks |
| 5.27. |
Fuel Cell Truck Example Specifications |
| 5.28. |
Cost of H2 Trucks vs Battery Electric |
| 5.29. |
Barriers to FC truck adoption |
| 5.30. |
Electric Trucks – Unit Sales |
| 5.31. |
Electric Trucks – Battery Demand GWh |
| 5.32. |
Electric Trucks – Market Size $ billion |
| 6. |
ELECTRIC LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (LCVS) |
| 6.1. |
Introduction to Electric LCVs |
| 6.2. |
LCV Definition |
| 6.3. |
Electric LCVs: Drivers and Barriers |
| 6.4. |
Historic Electric LCV Sales in Europe |
| 6.5. |
Electric LCV Share by Manufacturer in Europe |
| 6.6. |
Electric LCV Sales by Model in Europe |
| 6.7. |
Specifications of Popular Electric LCVs in Europe |
| 6.8. |
Electric LCV Sales by European Country 2018-2022 |
| 6.9. |
Historic Electric LCV Sales in China |
| 6.10. |
Specifications of Popular Electric LCVs in China |
| 6.11. |
Electric and Diesel LCV Cost Parity |
| 6.12. |
Small eLCV Break-Even: Purchase Grant |
| 6.13. |
LCV Range Requirement |
| 6.14. |
LCV Range Requirement |
| 6.15. |
Example Fuel Cell LCV Specifications |
| 6.16. |
Stellantis Fuel Cell LCVs |
| 6.17. |
Groupe Renault |
| 6.18. |
IDTechEx Outlook for eLCVs |
| 6.19. |
Electric LCV – Unit Sales |
| 6.20. |
Electric LCV – Battery Demand GWh |
| 6.21. |
Electric LCV – Market Size $ billion |
| 7. |
ELECTRIC BUSES |
| 7.1. |
Municipal buses: double, single, double-single |
| 7.2. |
BEV & PHEV Bus Options |
| 7.3. |
10Y historic sales of e-buses in China 2012 – 2022 |
| 7.4. |
18 electric bus OEMs & market share in China |
| 7.5. |
Average battery kWh/bus by region and battery chemistry trends |
| 7.6. |
Bluebus solid-state batteries |
| 7.7. |
Electric Bus Motor Types |
| 7.8. |
Typical bus model specs by region |
| 7.9. |
China underpins electric bus sales in Europe |
| 7.10. |
Electric, ICE & other bus sales in the US |
| 7.11. |
Fleet vehicles require high power charging |
| 7.12. |
Fuel Cell Buses |
| 7.13. |
30 years of FC-Bus Development |
| 7.14. |
Main Advantages / Disadvantages of Fuel Cell Buses |
| 7.15. |
Fuel Cell Bus Schematic |
| 7.16. |
Fuel Cell Bus Example Specifications |
| 7.17. |
Electric bus unit sales by BEV, PHEV, FCEV 2020 – 2044 |
| 7.18. |
Electric bus battery demand BEV, PHEV, FCEV 2020 – 2044 GWh |
| 7.19. |
Electric Bus Market Value BEV, PHEV, FCEV 2020-2044 (US$ billion) |
| 8. |
MICRO EVS |
| 8.1. |
Introduction to Micro EVs |
| 8.2. |
Micro EV types |
| 8.3. |
Micro EV characteristics |
| 8.4. |
Comparison of micro EV segments |
| 8.5. |
Micro EVs are sustainable |
| 8.6. |
Global two-wheeler markets snapshot |
| 8.7. |
Asia home to major electric two-wheeler markets |
| 8.8. |
India electric two- and three- wheeler market growth |
| 8.9. |
Growth drivers of electric two wheelers in India |
| 8.10. |
Indian electric two-wheeler OEMs |
| 8.11. |
China electric two-wheeler market history |
| 8.12. |
ASEAN markets |
| 8.13. |
Historic sales in Southeast Asia |
| 8.14. |
Electric two-wheeler market shares in ASEAN countries |
| 8.15. |
ASEAN electric two-wheeler wheeler brands |
| 8.16. |
Electric mopeds and motorcycles in Europe |
| 8.17. |
The US two-wheeler market |
| 8.18. |
US electric two-wheelers |
| 8.19. |
The role of three-wheelers |
| 8.20. |
China and India: major three-wheeler markets |
| 8.21. |
Examples of Indian E3W models |
| 8.22. |
Chinese three-wheeler types |
| 8.23. |
Examples of Chinese E3W models |
| 8.24. |
Three wheelers outside China and India |
| 8.25. |
Microcars: the goldilocks of urban EVs |
| 8.26. |
Examples of microcars by region |
| 8.27. |
Unregistered low speed EVs in China |
| 8.28. |
Average battery capacities of microcars |
| 8.29. |
Electric quadricycle sales in EU |
| 8.30. |
Micro EV forecast 2021-2044 (unit sales) |
| 8.31. |
Li-ion vs lead-acid battery demand for micro EVs 2021-2044 (GWh) |
| 8.32. |
Micro EV – a $187 billion market opportunity |
| 9. |
ELECTRIC & HYBRID MARINE |
| 9.1. |
Summary of Marine Markets |
| 9.2. |
Summary of market drivers for electric & hybrid marine |
| 9.3. |
Marine battery market history 2019-2025 by subsector: ferry, cruise, ro-ro, cargo, OSV, tug, other |
| 9.4. |
Why marine batteries are unique |
| 9.5. |
Corvus Energy delivers over 200MWh/year |
| 9.6. |
Policy & Emissions Regulation Summary |
| 9.7. |
Marine CO2 Emissions and Targets |
| 9.8. |
Solutions for Greenhouse Gas Regulations |
| 9.9. |
Overview of e-fuels |
| 9.10. |
The need for alternative fuels & fuel cells |
| 9.11. |
Ferries are well suited for electrification |
| 9.12. |
Electric ferry adoption in Norway 2015-2030 |
| 9.13. |
Types of offshore support vessel (OSV) |
| 9.14. |
OSV case study & typical specs |
| 9.15. |
Cruise ship markets dominated by a few players |
| 9.16. |
Cruise ships during the pandemic |
| 9.17. |
Electric tanker case studies in Norway & Japan |
| 9.18. |
Leisure & recreational electric boat markets |
| 9.19. |
Boat propulsion types & trend towards outboards |
| 9.20. |
Annual number of electric vessels 2020-2044: Ferry, Cruise, Ro-Ro, Cargo, OSV, Tug, Other |
| 9.21. |
Battery demand from electric vessels (GWh) 2020-2044: Ferry, Cruise, Ro-Ro, Cargo, OSV, Tug, Other |
| 9.22. |
Market size of marine battery systems 2020-2044 ($ bn): Ferry, Cruise, Ro-Ro, Cargo, OSV, Tug, Other |
| 10. |
ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR CONSTRUCTION |
| 10.1.1. |
Construction Vehicles |
| 10.1.2. |
Construction Vehicles – Key Findings |
| 10.1.3. |
Key Construction Machine Types for Electrification |
| 10.1.4. |
Construction Market Continues to Bounce Back |
| 10.1.5. |
Electrification Activity of Major Construction OEMs (1) |
| 10.1.6. |
Electrification Activity of Major Construction OEMs (2) |
| 10.1.7. |
Advantages of / Barriers to Machine Electrification |
| 10.1.8. |
TCO Drivers for Electric Construction Vehicles |
| 10.1.9. |
Retrofitting vs. OEM in-housing (1) |
| 10.1.10. |
Retrofitting vs. OEM in-housing (2) |
| 10.1.11. |
Chinese OEMs Large Battery Excavators |
| 10.1.12. |
Dual Gun Ultra-Fast Charging |
| 10.1.13. |
Battery Requirements in Construction: Performance |
| 10.1.14. |
Battery Requirements in Construction: Sizing |
| 10.1.15. |
Battery Requirements in Construction: Pricing |
| 10.1.16. |
Key Performance Attributes For Construction Battery Systems |
| 10.1.17. |
Cell Chemistry in Construction |
| 10.1.18. |
Regional Cell Chemistry Choices |
| 10.1.19. |
Construction Equipment Electrification Opportunities (1) |
| 10.1.20. |
Construction Equipment Electrification Opportunities (2) |
| 10.1.21. |
Global Construction EV Sales Forecast by Machine Type |
| 10.1.22. |
EV Construction Machines Battery Demand by Machine Type (GWh) |
| 10.1.23. |
EV Construction Machines Market Size by Machine Type (US$ Billions) |
| 10.2. |
Electric Trains |
| 10.2.1. |
Electric Trains Introduction |
| 10.2.2. |
Drivers for Zero-emission Rail |
| 10.2.3. |
Barriers for Rail Electrification |
| 10.2.4. |
Overview of Train Types |
| 10.2.5. |
Six Key Findings for Electric Trains |
| 10.2.6. |
Multiple Unit Trains |
| 10.2.7. |
BEV Multiple Unit Orders 2022-2026 & Supplier Market Shares |
| 10.2.8. |
Battery Capacity of BEV Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2043 (kWh/ unit) |
| 10.2.9. |
Key Performance Indicators for Train Battery Systems |
| 10.2.10. |
Fuel Cell Train Overview |
| 10.2.11. |
Production Model FC multiple unit Specifications |
| 10.2.12. |
FC Locomotives Summary |
| 10.2.13. |
FCEV & BEV Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (Unit Sales) |
| 10.2.14. |
Battery Demand for FCEV & BEV Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (GWh) |
| 10.2.15. |
Fuel Cell Demand from Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (GW) |
| 10.2.16. |
FCEV & BEV Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (US$ bn) |
| 11. |
ELECTRIC AIR TAXIS (EVTOL) |
| 11.1. |
Flying Cars: The Dream Becoming A Reality |
| 11.2. |
What Is An eVTOL Aircraft? |
| 11.3. |
eVTOL Architectures |
| 11.4. |
Why eVTOL Aircraft? |
| 11.5. |
eVTOL Applications |
| 11.6. |
eVTOL Getting Off The Ground |
| 11.7. |
Conclusions on Air Taxi Time Saving |
| 11.8. |
Conclusions on Air Taxi Time Saving |
| 11.9. |
Huge Companies Are Already Investing In eVTOL |
| 11.10. |
Air mobility funding |
| 11.11. |
When will the First eVTOL Air Taxis Launch? |
| 11.12. |
eVTOL Multicopter / Rotorcraft |
| 11.13. |
eVTOL Lift and Cruise |
| 11.14. |
eVTOL Vectored Thrust: Tiltwing |
| 11.15. |
eVTOL Vectored Thrust: Tiltrotor |
| 11.16. |
Air Taxi Services |
| 11.17. |
eVTOL As An Urban Mass Mobility Solution? |
| 11.18. |
Where Is The eVTOL Air Taxi Advantage? |
| 11.19. |
The Value of Autonomous Flight |
| 11.20. |
eVTOL Battery Requirements |
| 11.21. |
eVTOL Motor Requirements |
| 11.22. |
eVTOL Composite Material Requirements |
| 11.23. |
eVTOL Infrastructure Requirements |
| 11.24. |
Forecast Summary |
| 11.25. |
eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast (Units) |
| 11.26. |
eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast (GWh) |
| 11.27. |
eVTOL Air Taxi Market Revenue Forecast (US$ billion) |
| 12. |
MARKET FORECASTS |
| 12.1. |
Long-term Forecasting of Technologies |
| 12.2. |
Forecast Methodology |
| 12.3. |
Forecast Methodology & FAQ |
| 12.4. |
Forecast Assumptions |
| 12.5. |
Global Car Sales by Powertrain 2015-2044 |
| 12.6. |
Global Electric Car Sales by Powertrain – BEV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV 2015-2044 |
| 12.7. |
Global Electric Car Battery Demand by Powertrain – BEV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV 2015-2044 |
| 12.8. |
Global Electric Car Market Value by Powertrain – BEV, PHEV, HEV, FCEV 2015-2044 |
| 12.9. |
Electric Trucks – Unit Sales |
| 12.10. |
Electric Trucks – Battery Demand GWh |
| 12.11. |
Electric Trucks – Market Size $ billion |
| 12.12. |
Electric LCV – Unit Sales |
| 12.13. |
Electric LCV – Battery Demand GWh |
| 12.14. |
Electric LCV – Market Size $ billion |
| 12.15. |
Electric bus unit sales by BEV, PHEV, FCEV 2020 – 2044 |
| 12.16. |
Electric bus battery demand BEV, PHEV, FCEV 2020 – 2044 GWh |
| 12.17. |
Electric Bus Market Value BEV, PHEV, FCEV 2020-2044 (US$ billion) |
| 12.18. |
Micro EV forecast 2021-2044 (unit sales) |
| 12.19. |
Li-ion vs lead-acid battery demand for micro EVs 2021-2044 (GWh) |
| 12.20. |
Micro EV – a $187 billion market opportunity |
| 12.21. |
Annual number of electric vessels 2020-2044: Ferry, Cruise, Ro-Ro, Cargo, OSV, Tug, Other |
| 12.22. |
Battery demand from electric vessels (GWh) 2020-2044: Ferry, Cruise, Ro-Ro, Cargo, OSV, Tug, Other |
| 12.23. |
Market size of marine battery systems 2020-2044 ($ bn): Ferry, Cruise, Ro-Ro, Cargo, OSV, Tug, Other |
| 12.24. |
Global Construction EV Sales Forecast by Machine Type |
| 12.25. |
EV Construction Machines Battery Demand by Machine Type (GWh) |
| 12.26. |
EV Construction Machines Market Size by Machine Type (US$ Billions) |
| 12.27. |
FCEV & BEV Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (Unit Sales) |
| 12.28. |
Battery Demand for FCEV & BEV Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (GWh) |
| 12.29. |
Fuel Cell Demand from Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (GW) |
| 12.30. |
FCEV & BEV Multiple Units, Shunters, Locomotives 2022-2044 (US$ bn) |
| 12.31. |
eVTOL Air Taxi Sales Forecast (Units) |
| 12.32. |
eVTOL Air Taxi Battery Demand Forecast (GWh) |
| 12.33. |
eVTOL Air Taxi Market Revenue Forecast (US$ billion) |
| 12.34. |
Electric Vehicles Land, Sea, Air – Unit Sales 2021-2044 |
| 12.35. |
Electric Vehicles Land, Sea, Air – Battery Demand GWh 2021-2044 |
| 12.36. |
Electric Vehicles Land, Sea, Air – Market Size US$ 2021-2044 |
