| 1. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. |
What’s New in This Report? (1) |
| 1.2. |
What’s New in This Report? (2) |
| 1.3. |
Summary of Traction Motor Types |
| 1.4. |
Electric Motor Type Market Share by Vehicle |
| 1.5. |
Average Motor Power 2022 by Vehicle Category (kW) |
| 1.6. |
Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers |
| 1.7. |
Motor Type Market Share Forecast |
| 1.8. |
Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars |
| 1.9. |
OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 1.10. |
Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares |
| 1.11. |
Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 1.12. |
Motor Technologies in Two-wheelers |
| 1.13. |
Average Motor Power of Microcars |
| 1.14. |
Motors Used in eLCVs |
| 1.15. |
Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 1.16. |
Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 1.17. |
Truck Motor Type Market Share and Power Output Requirements |
| 1.18. |
Electric Bus Motor Types |
| 1.19. |
Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 1.20. |
Examples of Vehicles with In-wheel Motors |
| 1.21. |
In-wheel Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 1.22. |
Motor Type Power Density Benchmark |
| 1.23. |
Motor Cooling Strategy Forecast (Units) |
| 1.24. |
BEV Power Density Benchmarking |
| 1.25. |
Commercial Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 1.26. |
Light Duty Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 1.27. |
Total Motors Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (units) |
| 1.28. |
Total Motor Power Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (kW) |
| 1.29. |
Total Motor Market Size Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 ($ billions) |
| 1.30. |
Forecast Commentary |
| 2. |
INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. |
Electric Vehicles: Basic Principle |
| 2.2. |
Electric Vehicle Definitions |
| 2.3. |
Drivetrain Specifications |
| 2.4. |
Parallel and Series Hybrids: Explained |
| 2.5. |
Electric Motors |
| 3. |
TYPES OF ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR AND BENCHMARKING |
| 3.1.1. |
Electric Traction Motor Types (1) |
| 3.1.2. |
Summary of Traction Motor Types |
| 3.1.3. |
Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors |
| 3.1.4. |
Peak vs Continuous Properties |
| 3.1.5. |
Efficiency |
| 3.1.6. |
Brushless DC Motors (BLDC): Working Principle |
| 3.1.7. |
BLDC Motors: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.8. |
BLDC Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.9. |
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.10. |
PMSM: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.11. |
PMSM: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.12. |
Differences Between PMSM and BLDC |
| 3.1.13. |
Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor (WRSM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.14. |
Renault’s Magnet Free Motor |
| 3.1.15. |
WRSM Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.16. |
WRSM: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.17. |
AC Induction Motors (ACIM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.18. |
AC Induction Motor (ACIM) |
| 3.1.19. |
AC Induction Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.20. |
AC Induction Motor: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.21. |
Reluctance Motors |
| 3.1.22. |
Reluctance Motor: Working Principle |
| 3.1.23. |
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) |
| 3.1.24. |
Switched Reluctance Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.25. |
Permanent Magnet Assisted Reluctance (PMAR) |
| 3.1.26. |
PMAR Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.27. |
Regeneration |
| 3.2. |
Electric Traction Motors: Summary and Benchmarking Results |
| 3.2.1. |
Comparison of Traction Motor Construction and Merits |
| 3.2.2. |
Motor Efficiency Comparison |
| 3.2.3. |
Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors |
| 3.2.4. |
Multiple Motors: Explained |
| 4. |
MOTOR MARKET IN ELECTRIC CARS |
| 4.1. |
BEV and PHEV Motor Type Market Share by Region |
| 4.2. |
Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers |
| 4.3. |
Motor Type Market Share Forecast |
| 4.4. |
Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars |
| 4.5. |
Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, regional) |
| 4.6. |
Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 4.7. |
Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, motor type) |
| 4.8. |
Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2034 (US$, drivetrain) |
| 4.9. |
Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, regional) |
| 4.10. |
Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, drivetrain) |
| 5. |
MICROMOBILITY |
| 5.1. |
Introduction |
| 5.2. |
Micro EV Types |
| 5.3. |
The EV Revolution is Happening on Two Wheels |
| 5.4. |
Micro EV Characteristics |
| 5.5. |
Electric Two-wheeler Classification |
| 5.6. |
Electric Two-wheelers: Power Classes |
| 5.7. |
E-motorcycle Benchmarking |
| 5.8. |
Motor Technologies in Two-wheelers |
| 5.9. |
Zero Z-Force Powertrain |
| 5.10. |
Electric Three-wheeler Classification |
| 5.11. |
China and India are Major Three-wheeler Markets |
| 5.12. |
Examples of E3W Models |
| 5.13. |
Examples of E3W Models |
| 5.14. |
What is a Microcar? |
| 5.15. |
Average Motor Power of Microcars |
| 5.16. |
Micromobility Motor Manufacturers |
| 5.17. |
Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, vehicle type) |
| 5.18. |
Micromobility Research |
| 6. |
ELECTRIC LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (ELCV) |
| 6.1. |
Introduction to Electric LCVs |
| 6.2. |
LCV Definition |
| 6.3. |
Electric LCVs: Drivers and Barriers |
| 6.4. |
Specifications of eLCVs available in Europe |
| 6.5. |
Motors Used in eLCVs |
| 6.6. |
Motor Number, Type and Power Trends: LCV |
| 6.7. |
LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 6.8. |
Light Commercial Vehicle Research |
| 7. |
ELECTRIC TRUCKS |
| 7.1. |
Zero Emission Trucks: Drivers and Barriers |
| 7.2. |
Truck Weight Definitions |
| 7.3. |
Integrated e-Axle Space Advantage |
| 7.4. |
Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 7.5. |
Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 7.6. |
Allison Transmission eGen Power e-Axles |
| 7.7. |
BorgWarner |
| 7.8. |
Dana E-Axles |
| 7.9. |
Danfoss Editron |
| 7.10. |
Detroit eAxles |
| 7.11. |
FPT Truck Motors |
| 7.12. |
Meritor Blue Horizon ePowertrain |
| 7.13. |
Meritor 14Xe Electric Drivetrain |
| 7.14. |
Meritor supplies Hyliion, Volta Trucks, Lion Electric and Autocar Trucks |
| 7.15. |
Volvo |
| 7.16. |
ZF Electrification Solutions |
| 7.17. |
Truck Motor Type Market Share and Power Output Requirements |
| 7.18. |
Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain & category) |
| 7.19. |
Electric Truck Research |
| 8. |
ELECTRIC BUSES |
| 8.1. |
Bus Types |
| 8.2. |
Why Adopt Buses? |
| 8.3. |
Challenges for Electric Bus Adoption |
| 8.4. |
BEV & PHEV Bus Options |
| 8.5. |
Electric Buses: Global Market History |
| 8.6. |
Dana TM4 |
| 8.7. |
Equipmake |
| 8.8. |
Traktionssysteme Austria (TSA) |
| 8.9. |
Volvo Electric Buses |
| 8.10. |
ZF |
| 8.11. |
Electric Bus Motor Types |
| 8.12. |
Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 9. |
HEV DRIVE TECHNOLOGY |
| 9.1. |
HEV Car Manufacturer Market Share |
| 9.2. |
Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System |
| 9.3. |
Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System |
| 9.4. |
Honda |
| 9.5. |
Honda Sport Hybrid Systems |
| 9.6. |
Honda’s 2 Motor Hybrid System |
| 9.7. |
Nissan Note e-POWER |
| 9.8. |
Hyundai Sonata Hybrid |
| 9.9. |
Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2010 |
| 9.10. |
Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2017 |
| 9.11. |
Comparison of Hybrid MGs |
| 9.12. |
Global HEV Car Motor/Generator Trends |
| 9.13. |
HEV Car MGs Trends and Assumptions |
| 9.14. |
Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2034 (units, kW) |
| 9.15. |
High Voltage Hybrid Electric Vehicle Research |
| 10. |
ELECTRIC AVIATION |
| 10.1. |
eVTOL Motor Requirements |
| 10.1.1. |
eVTOL Motor / Powertrain Requirements |
| 10.1.2. |
eVTOL Aircraft Motor Power Sizing |
| 10.1.3. |
eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate |
| 10.1.4. |
eVTOL Power Requirement |
| 10.1.5. |
eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate |
| 10.1.6. |
Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion |
| 10.1.7. |
eVTOL Number of Electric Motors |
| 10.1.8. |
Motor Sizing |
| 10.2. |
Electric Motors for Aviation: Players |
| 10.2.1. |
EMRAX |
| 10.2.2. |
ePropelled |
| 10.2.3. |
Evolito |
| 10.2.4. |
H3X |
| 10.2.5. |
MAGicALL |
| 10.2.6. |
magniX |
| 10.2.7. |
MGM COMPRO |
| 10.2.8. |
Rolls-Royce / Siemens |
| 10.2.9. |
Rolls-Royce / Siemens |
| 10.2.10. |
SAFRAN |
| 10.2.11. |
Other Player Examples |
| 10.2.12. |
Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation |
| 10.2.13. |
Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation |
| 10.2.14. |
eVTOL Research |
| 11. |
EMERGING MOTOR TECHNOLOGIES |
| 11.1. |
Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.1. |
Radial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.2. |
Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.3. |
Radial Flux vs Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.4. |
Yoked vs Yokeless Axial Flux |
| 11.1.5. |
Challenges with Axial Flux Thermal Management |
| 11.1.6. |
List of Axial Flux Motor Players |
| 11.1.7. |
Beyond Motors |
| 11.1.8. |
AVID Acquired by Turntide |
| 11.1.9. |
EMRAX |
| 11.1.10. |
Elemental Motors |
| 11.1.11. |
Lamborghini |
| 11.1.12. |
Infinitum Electric: Printed PCB Stator |
| 11.1.13. |
Koenigsegg – raxial flux |
| 11.1.14. |
Magnax |
| 11.1.15. |
Magelec Propulsion |
| 11.1.16. |
Saietta |
| 11.1.17. |
WHYLOT |
| 11.1.18. |
WHYLOT and Renault |
| 11.1.19. |
YASA Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.20. |
YASA and Koenigsegg |
| 11.1.21. |
YASA and Ferrari |
| 11.1.22. |
Daimler Acquires YASA |
| 11.1.23. |
Benchmark of Commercial Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.24. |
Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 11.2. |
In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.1. |
In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.2. |
Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.3. |
Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.4. |
Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.5. |
DeepDrive |
| 11.2.6. |
Elaphe |
| 11.2.7. |
Gem Motors |
| 11.2.8. |
Hitachi |
| 11.2.9. |
Hyundai Mobis |
| 11.2.10. |
Nidec |
| 11.2.11. |
Protean Electric |
| 11.2.12. |
REE Automotive |
| 11.2.13. |
Schaeffler |
| 11.2.14. |
Examples of Vehicles with In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.15. |
Axial Flux for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.16. |
In-wheel Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 11.3. |
Axial Flux and In-wheel Motors Benchmarking Against BEV Motors |
| 11.3.1. |
Motor Type Power Density Benchmark |
| 11.3.2. |
Motor Type Torque Density Benchmark |
| 11.3.3. |
Axial Flux and In-wheel Benchmark against Traditional |
| 11.4. |
Overcoming Issues with Switched Reluctance Motors |
| 11.4.1. |
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) |
| 11.4.2. |
No Permanent Magnets for SRMs |
| 11.4.3. |
Advanced Electric Machines (AEM): Commercial Vehicles |
| 11.4.4. |
AEM and Bentley |
| 11.4.5. |
Enedym |
| 11.4.6. |
RETORQ Motors |
| 11.4.7. |
Punch Powertrain |
| 11.4.8. |
Turntide Technologies |
| 11.4.9. |
Switched Reluctance Players for EVs |
| 12. |
MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS |
| 12.1.1. |
Which Materials are Required for Electric Motors? |
| 12.2. |
Materials for Permanent Magnets |
| 12.2.1. |
Magnetic Material Distribution in Rotors |
| 12.2.2. |
ID4 vs Leaf vs Model 3 Rotors |
| 12.2.3. |
Magnet Composition for Motors |
| 12.2.4. |
Mining of Rare-Earth Metals |
| 12.2.5. |
China’s Control of Rare-Earths |
| 12.2.6. |
Volatility of EV Motor Materials |
| 12.2.7. |
The Market Drive to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 12.3. |
Rare Earth Reduction and Elimination |
| 12.3.1. |
Europe’s Move to Magnet Free Designs |
| 12.3.2. |
Tesla’s Next Generation Motor |
| 12.3.3. |
How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (1) |
| 12.3.4. |
How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (2) |
| 12.3.5. |
How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (3) |
| 12.3.6. |
Rare Earth Reduction Progress in Japan |
| 12.3.7. |
Alternative Magnetic Materials |
| 12.3.8. |
Alternative Magnetic Materials |
| 12.3.9. |
Toyota’s Neodymium Reduced Magnet |
| 12.3.10. |
Volvo Funding Niron for Rare-earth Free Magnets |
| 12.3.11. |
PASSENGER Rare Earth Free Magnets |
| 12.3.12. |
Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium in Motors |
| 12.3.13. |
Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium |
| 12.3.14. |
Recycling Rare Earths |
| 12.3.15. |
OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 12.4. |
Rotor and Stator Windings |
| 12.4.1. |
Aluminium vs Copper in Rotors |
| 12.4.2. |
Round Wire vs Hairpins for Copper in Stators |
| 12.4.3. |
MG Motors (SAIC) |
| 12.4.4. |
VW’s MEB |
| 12.4.5. |
Tesla |
| 12.4.6. |
Round vs Hairpin Windings: OEMs |
| 12.4.7. |
Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares |
| 12.4.8. |
A New Winding Format? |
| 12.4.9. |
Aluminum vs Copper Windings |
| 12.4.10. |
Compressed Aluminum Windings |
| 12.4.11. |
Aluminum Windings: Players |
| 12.4.12. |
Motor Materials Environmental Impact and Forecasts |
| 12.4.13. |
Environmental Impact Introduction |
| 12.4.14. |
Environmental Impact of Materials |
| 12.4.15. |
Material Intensity for BEV Motors |
| 12.4.16. |
Environmental Impact of Several BEV Motors |
| 12.4.17. |
Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 12.4.18. |
Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 12.4.19. |
Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 13. |
THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC MOTORS |
| 13.1.1. |
Cooling electric motors |
| 13.2. |
Motor cooling strategies |
| 13.2.1. |
Air cooling |
| 13.2.2. |
Water-glycol cooling |
| 13.2.3. |
Oil cooling |
| 13.2.4. |
Electric motor thermal management overview |
| 13.2.5. |
Motor cooling strategy by power |
| 13.2.6. |
Cooling strategy by motor type |
| 13.2.7. |
Cooling technology: OEM strategies |
| 13.2.8. |
Motor cooling strategy by region |
| 13.2.9. |
Motor cooling strategy market share (2015-2022) |
| 13.2.10. |
Motor cooling strategy forecast (units) |
| 13.3. |
Motor insulation and encapsulation |
| 13.3.1. |
Impregnation and encapsulation |
| 13.3.2. |
Potting and encapsulation: Players |
| 13.3.3. |
Axalta – Motor insulation |
| 13.3.4. |
Elantas – insulation systems for 800V motors |
| 13.3.5. |
Eaton – nanocomposite PEEK insulation |
| 13.3.6. |
Solvay – PEEK insulation |
| 13.3.7. |
Insulating Hairpin Windings |
| 14. |
EV MOTORS: OEM USE-CASES AND SUPPLY PARTNERSHIPS |
| 14.1. |
Allison Transmission – Anadolu Isuzu |
| 14.2. |
Aisin Seiki, DENSO and Toyota Motor form BluE Nexus |
| 14.3. |
Audi e-tron |
| 14.4. |
Audi e-tron |
| 14.5. |
Audi Q4 e-tron |
| 14.6. |
BMW i3 2016 |
| 14.7. |
BMW 5th Gen Drive (Jaguar) |
| 14.8. |
BorgWarner Acquires Delphi |
| 14.9. |
Bosch – commercial vehicle motors |
| 14.10. |
BYD e-Platform 3.0 |
| 14.11. |
Chevrolet Bolt Onwards (LG) |
| 14.12. |
Lion Electric – Dana |
| 14.13. |
Equipmake: spoke geometry |
| 14.14. |
FCA and Dana |
| 14.15. |
FCA and Delta |
| 14.16. |
FCA and Continental |
| 14.17. |
Fiat 500 Electric (GKN) |
| 14.18. |
Ford Mustang Mach-E (BorgWarner and Magna) |
| 14.19. |
Ford and Schaeffler |
| 14.20. |
GM Ultium Drive |
| 14.21. |
GM Ultium Drive |
| 14.22. |
Hitachi, Nissan and Honda |
| 14.23. |
Huawei – intelligent oil cooling |
| 14.24. |
Hyundai E-GMP (BorgWarner) |
| 14.25. |
Hyundai and Vitesco |
| 14.26. |
Jaguar I-PACE (AAM) |
| 14.27. |
LG Electronics and Magna |
| 14.28. |
Lordstown Motors (Elaphe) |
| 14.29. |
Lucid Air |
| 14.30. |
MAHLE – wound rotor without brushes |
| 14.31. |
Mercedes EQ |
| 14.32. |
Nidec – Gen.2 drive |
| 14.33. |
Nidec: Foxconn Talks |
| 14.34. |
Nidec Ni200Ex and Zeekr |
| 14.35. |
Nidec ramping production |
| 14.36. |
Nissan Leaf |
| 14.37. |
Opel/Peugeot and Vitesco |
| 14.38. |
Porsche Taycan |
| 14.39. |
Rivian |
| 14.40. |
SAIC – Oil cooling system |
| 14.41. |
Schaeffler – Truck motors |
| 14.42. |
Stellantis Shared Platform (Npe) |
| 14.43. |
Tesla Induction Motor |
| 14.44. |
Tesla PM Motor |
| 14.45. |
Tesla’s Carbon Wrapped Motor |
| 14.46. |
Toyota Prius 2004 to 2010 |
| 14.47. |
Vitesco |
| 14.48. |
VW ID3/ID4 |
| 14.49. |
Yamaha – hypercar electric motor |
| 14.50. |
ZF – motor innovations |
| 15. |
EV MOTORS: OEM BENCHMARKING |
| 15.1. |
Automotive |
| 15.1.1. |
BEV Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.1.2. |
BEV Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.1.3. |
BEV Power and Torque Density Benchmark |
| 15.1.4. |
BEV Motor Specification Summary |
| 15.2. |
Commercial Vehicles |
| 15.2.1. |
Commercial Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.2.2. |
Commercial Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.2.3. |
Commercial Vehicle Motors Power and Torque Density Benchmark |
| 15.2.4. |
Commercial Vehicle Motor Specification Summary |
| 15.3. |
Light Duty |
| 15.3.1. |
Light Duty Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.3.2. |
Light Duty Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.3.3. |
Light Duty Vehicle Motor Specification Summary |
| 16. |
FORECASTS AND ASSUMPTIONS |
| 16.1. |
Forecast Methodology & Assumptions |
| 16.2. |
Motor Price Forecast and Assumptions |
| 16.3. |
Motor per Vehicle and kW per Vehicle Assumptions |
| 16.4. |
Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, regional) |
| 16.5. |
Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.6. |
Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2034 (units, motor type) |
| 16.7. |
Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, regional) |
| 16.8. |
Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2034 (kW, drivetrain) |
| 16.9. |
Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2034 (US$, drivetrain) |
| 16.10. |
Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, vehicle type) |
| 16.11. |
LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.12. |
Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain & category) |
| 16.13. |
Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.14. |
Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2034 (units, kW) |
| 16.15. |
Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 16.16. |
In-wheel Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (units) |
| 16.17. |
Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 16.18. |
Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 16.19. |
Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2034 (kg) |
| 16.20. |
Motor cooling strategy forecast (units) |
| 16.21. |
Total Motors Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (units) |
| 16.22. |
Total Motor Power Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 (kW) |
| 16.23. |
Total Motor Market Size Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2034 ($ billions) |
| 16.24. |
Company Profiles |
